Publications

Research, scholarly, and creative achievements

Scholarly work organized by publication type, with external profiles available for citation metrics, indexing, and identifier-based verification.

Google Scholar profile

Selected publications

Publications that define the research program

These selected entries connect the publication record to the research program: machine-usable scholarly knowledge, ETD infrastructure, retrieval evaluation, and ethical AI for archives.

1. Learning from LLM Disagreement in Retrieval Evaluation JCDL 2025 · LLM disagreement as evidence for retrieval evaluation.
2. Building datasets to support information extraction and structure parsing from ETDs International Journal on Digital Libraries, 2024 · Benchmark data for ETD structure extraction.
3. Evaluating the Impact of Automated Labeling on Retrieval Instability in Neural IR SIGIR Doctoral Consortium, 2025 · Retrieval stability under LLM-derived labels.
4. Archives, Digital Search, and AI Ethics Routledge Companion, 2024 · Ethical AI services for public archives.

Journal Articles

1. Building datasets to support information extraction and structure parsing from electronic theses and dissertations

   William A. Ingram, Jian Wu, Sampanna Yashwant Kahu, Javaid Akbar Manzoor, Bipasha Banerjee, Aman Ahuja, Muntabir Hasan Choudhury, Lamia Salsabil, Winston Shields, and Edward A. Fox.

   International Journal on Digital Libraries, Vol. 25 (2), 2024
2. Teaching Natural Language Processing through Big Data Text Summarization with Problem-Based Learning

   Liuqing Li, Jack Geissinger, William A. Ingram, and Edward A. Fox.

   Data and Information Management, Vol. 4 (1), 2020
3. Summarizing ETDs with deep learning

   William A. Ingram, Bipasha Banerjee, and Edward A. Fox.

   Cadernos BAD, Vol. 1 , 2019
4. Overly Honest Data Repository Development

   Colleen Fallaw, Elise Dunham, Elizabeth Wickes, Dena Strong, Ayla Stein, Qian Zhang, Kyle Rimkus, William A. Ingram, and Heidi J. Imker.

   The Code4Lib Journal, (34), 2016
5. Developments in Digital Preservation at the University of Illinois: The Hub and Spoke Architecture for Supporting Repository Interoperability and Emerging Preservation Standards

   Thomas Habing, Janet Eke, Matthew A. Cordial, William Ingram, and Robert Manaster.

   Library Trends, Vol. 57 (3), 2009

Book Chapters

1. Archives, Digital Search, and AI Ethics

   William A. Ingram and Sylvester A. Johnson.

   In The Routledge Companion to Libraries, Archives, and the Digital Humanities, 2024

Conference Papers

1. Evaluating Human-LLM Alignment in ETD Subject Classification

   Hajra Klair, Fausto German, Bipasha Banerjee, and William A. Ingram.

   In New Trends in Theory and Practice of Digital Libraries, 2026
2. Learning from LLM Disagreement in Retrieval Evaluation

   William A. Ingram, Bipasha Banerjee, and Edward A. Fox.

   In Proceedings of the 2025 ACM/IEEE Joint Conference on Digital Libraries (JCDL ’25), Virtual Event, pp. 129–138. 2025
3. Context-Based URL Classification for Open Access Datasets and Software in Scholarly Documents

   Lamia Salsabil, Rochana R. Obadage, Bipasha Banerjee, Yasasi Abeysinghe, Sawood Alam, Michael Färber, William Ingram, Edward Fox, and Jian Wu.

   In Proceedings of the 2025 ACM/IEEE Joint Conference on Digital Libraries (JCDL ’25), Virtual Event, pp. 197–206. 2025
4. Identifying Future Work Chapters in Electronic Theses and Dissertations

   Amr Aboelnaga, Hajra Klair, Hoda Eldardiry, and William A. Ingram.

   In Proceedings of the 2025 ACM/IEEE Joint Conference on Digital Libraries (JCDL ’25), Virtual Event, pp. 177–186. 2025
5. Evaluating the Impact of Automated Labeling on Retrieval Instability in Neural IR

   William A. Ingram.

   In Proceedings of the 48th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (SIGIR ’25), Padua, Italy, pp. 4209. 2025
6. VTechAGP: An Academic-to-General-Audience Text Paraphrase Dataset and Benchmark Models

   Ming Cheng, Jiaying Gong, Chenhan Yuan, William A Ingram, Edward Fox, and Hoda Eldardiry.

   In Proceedings of the 2025 Conference of the Nations of the Americas Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies (Volume 1: Long Papers), 2025
7. ETDPC: A Multimodality Framework for Classifying Pages in Electronic Theses and Dissertations

   Muntabir Hasan Choudhury, Lamia Salsabil, William A. Ingram, Edward A. Fox, and Jian Wu.

   In Thirty-Eighth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI 2024), Vancouver, Canada, pp. 22878–22884. 2024
8. Integrated Digital Library System for Long Documents and their Elements

   Satvik Chekuri, Prashant Chandrasekar, Bipasha Banerjee, Sung Hee Park, Nila Masrourisaadat, Aman Ahuja, William A. Ingram, and Edward A. Fox.

   In Proceedings of the 2023 ACM/IEEE Joint Conference on Digital Libraries (JCDL ’23), Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA, pp. 13–24. 2023
9. MetaEnhance: Metadata Quality Improvement for Electronic Theses and Dissertations of University Libraries

   Muntabir Hasan Choudhury, Lamia Salsabil, Himarsha R. Jayanetti, Jian Wu, William A. Ingram, and Edward A. Fox.

   In Proceedings of the 2023 ACM/IEEE Joint Conference on Digital Libraries (JCDL ’23), Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA, pp. 61–65. 2023
10. ScanBank: A Benchmark Dataset for Figure Extraction from Scanned Electronic Theses and Dissertations

    Sampanna Yashwant Kahu, William A. Ingram, Jian Wu, and Edward A. Fox.

    In Proceedings of the 2021 ACM/IEEE Joint Conference on Digital Libraries (JCDL ’21), Virtual Event, pp. 565–566. 2021
11. Automatic Metadata Extraction Incorporating Visual Features from Scanned Electronic Theses and Dissertations

    Muntabir Hasan Choudhury, Himarsha R. Jayanetti, Jian Wu, William A. Ingram, and Edward A. Fox.

    In Proceedings of the 2021 ACM/IEEE Joint Conference on Digital Libraries (JCDL ’21), Virtual Event, pp. 230–233. 2021
12. A Heuristic Baseline Method for Metadata Extraction from Scanned Electronic Theses and Dissertations

    Muntabir Hasan Choudhury, Jian Wu, William A. Ingram, and Edward A. Fox.

    In Proceedings of the ACM/IEEE Joint Conference on Digital Libraries in 2020 (JCDL ’20), Virtual Event, China, pp. 515–516. 2020

Workshop Papers

1. Toward Robust URL Extraction for Open Science: A Study of arXiv File Formats and Temporal Trends

   Rochana R. Obadage, Lamia Salsabil, Sawood Alam, William A. Ingram, Bipasha Banarjee, Edward A. Fox, and Jian Wu.

   In 36th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media (HT 2025), Chicago, Illinois, USA. 2025
2. When LLMs Disagree: Diagnosing Relevance Filtering Bias and Retrieval Divergence in SDG Search

   William A. Ingram, Bipasha Banerjee, and Edward A. Fox.

   In 48th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, Padua, Italy. 2025
3. Automating Chapter-Level Classification for Electronic Theses and Dissertations

   Bipasha Banerjee, William A. Ingram, and Edward A. Fox.

   In 2024 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (BigData ’24), Washington, DC, USA, pp. 2400–2409. 2024
4. A New Annotation Method and Dataset for Layout Analysis of Long Documents

   Aman Ahuja, Kevin Dinh, Brian Dinh, William A. Ingram, and Edward Fox.

   In Companion Proceedings of the ACM Web Conference 2023 (WWW ’23 Companion), Austin, TX, USA, pp. 834–842. 2023
5. A Study of Computational Reproducibility Using URLs Linking to Open Access Datasets and Software

   Lamia Salsabil, Jian Wu, Muntabir Hasan Choudhury, William A. Ingram, Edward A. Fox, Sarah M. Rajtmajer, and C. Lee Giles.

   In Companion Proceedings of the Web Conference 2022 (WWW ’22 Companion), Virtual Event, Lyon, France, pp. 784–788. 2022
6. Applications of Data Analysis on Scholarly Long Documents

   Bipasha Banerjee, William A. Ingram, Jian Wu, and Edward A. Fox.

   In 2022 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data ’22), Osaka, Japan, pp. 2473–2481. 2022

Extended Abstracts

1. Agentic AI for Improving Precision in Identifying Contributions to Sustainable Development Goals

   William A. Ingram, Bipasha Banerjee, and Edward A. Fox.

   In 2024 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (BigData ’24), Washington, DC, USA, pp. 8677–8679. 2024
2. Toward Automatically Improving Metadata Quality of Electronic Theses and Dissertations at Scale

   Lamia Salsabil, Jian Wu, William A. Ingram, and Edward A. Fox.

   In 2024 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (BigData ’24), Washington, DC, USA, pp. 8825–8827. 2024
3. Making History Readable

   Bipasha Banerjee, Jennifer Goyne, and William A. Ingram.

   In 2024 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (BigData ’24), Washington, DC, USA, pp. 8620–8622. 2024
4. Maximizing Equitable Reach and Accessibility of ETDs

   William Ingram, Jian Wu, and Edward Fox.

   In Proceedings of the 23rd ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries (JCDL ’23), Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA, pp. 256–257. 2023
5. AI and Public Archives: Collaborative Leadership for Responsible Adoption

   William A. Ingram, Rebecca B. Dikow, Abigail Potter, Meghan Ferriter, and Jill Reilly.

   In Proceedings of the 2023 ACM/IEEE Joint Conference on Digital Libraries (JCDL ’23), Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA, pp. 323–324. 2023
6. Electronic Theses and Dissertations: A Research Corpus of Scholarly Big Data

   William A. Ingram, Jian Wu, and Edward A. Fox.

   Presented at GL24 — Twenty-Fourth International Conference on Grey Literature, GreyNet International. 2022
7. Analyzing and Navigating ETDs Using Topic Models

   Aman Ahuja, William A. Ingram, Chenyu Mao, Chongyu He, Jianchi Wei, and Edward A. Fox.

   Presented at 25th International Symposium on Electronic Theses and Dissertations, Novi Sad, Serbia. 2022
8. Building A Large Collection of Multi-domain Electronic Theses and Dissertations

   Sami Uddin, Bipasha Banerjee, Jian Wu, William A. Ingram, and Edward A. Fox.

   In 2021 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (BigData ’21), Orlando, FL, USA, pp. 6043–6045. 2021
9. Applications of Mining ETDs

   Bipasha Banerjee, William A. Ingram, Jian Wu, and Edward A. Fox.

   Presented at 24th International Symposium on Electronic Theses and Dissertations, Abu Dhabi, UAE. 2021
10. Why and How We Went Serverless, and How You Can Too

    Yinlin Chen and William A. Ingram.

    Presented at CNI: Coalition for Networked Information Spring 2021 Membership Meeting. 2021
11. Mining ETDs for Trends in Graduate Research

    William A. Ingram.

    Presented at CNI: Coalition for Networked Information Fall 2020 Membership Meeting. 2020
12. Multi-tenancy Cloud Access and Preservation: Virginia Tech Digital Libraries Platform

    James Tuttle, Yinlin Chen, Tingting Jiang, Lee Hunter, Andrea Waldren, Soumik Ghosh, and William A. Ingram.

    In Proceedings of the ACM/IEEE Joint Conference on Digital Libraries in 2020 (JCDL ’20), Virtual Event, China, pp. 557–558. 2020
13. Bringing Computational Access to Book-length Documents Via an ETD Pilot

    William A. Ingram.

    Presented at CNI: Coalition for Networked Information Fall 2019 Membership Meeting. 2019

Tutorials

1. Preparing Code and Data for Computational Reproducibility

   William A. Ingram and Edward A. Fox.

   In Proceedings of the ACM/IEEE Joint Conference on Digital Libraries in 2020 (JCDL ’20), Virtual Event, China, pp. 565–566. 2020
2. Introduction to Digital Libraries

   Edward A. Fox and William A. Ingram.

   In Proceedings of the ACM/IEEE Joint Conference on Digital Libraries in 2020 (JCDL ’20), Virtual Event, China, pp. 567–568. 2020
3. Preparing Code and Data for Computational Reproducibility: A Hands-On Workshop

   William A. Ingram and Edward A. Fox.

   Presented at 22nd International Symposium on Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 2019

Workshops (Hosting/Organizing)

1. Leading the Future of AI and Public Archives: Toward a Shared AI Ethics Framework

   Virginia Tech University Libraries William A. Ingram, Virginia Tech Center for Humanities Sylvester A. Johnson, Library of Congress Labs Abigail Potter, Library of Congress Labs Meghan Ferriter, Smithsonian OCIO Data Science Lab Rebecca Dikow, Smithsonian OCIO Data Science Lab Mike Trizna, and National Archives Office of Innovation Jill Reilly.

   2022
2. Leading the Future of AI and Public Archives

   Virginia Tech University Libraries William A. Ingram, Virginia Tech Center for Humanities Sylvester A. Johnson, Library of Congress Abigail Potter, Smithsonian Meghan Ferriter, and National Archives Office of Innovation Jill Reilly.

   2022
3. Ensuring Scholarly Access to Government Archives and Records

   Virginia Tech University Libraries William A. Ingram and Virginia Tech Center for Humanities Sylvester A. Johnson.

   2021

Preprints, White Papers, and Other Miscellanies

1. Toward Robust URL Extraction for Open Science: A Study of arXiv File Formats and Temporal Trends

   Rochana R. Obadage, Lamia Salsabil, Sawood Alam, Bipasha Banarjee, William A. Ingram, Edward A. Fox, and Jian Wu.

   CoRR, Vol. abs/2509.04759 , 2025
2. Structured Document Access for Electronic Documents

   Edward A. Fox, Aman Ahuja, William A. Ingram, Bipasha Banerjee, and Satvik Chekuri.

   2024
3. Ensuring Scholarly Access to Government Archives and Records

   William A. Ingram and Sylvester A. Johnson.

   Virginia Tech, 2021
4. Classification and Extraction of Information from ETD Documents

   John Aromando, Bipasha Banerjee, William A. Ingram, Palakh Jude, and Sampanna Kahu.

   Virginia Tech, 2020
5. Big Data Text Summarization: Using Deep Learning to Summarize Theses and Dissertations

   Naman Ahuja, Ritesh Bansal, William A. Ingram, Palakh Jude, Sampanna Kahu, and Xinyue Wang.

   Virginia Tech, 2018